Cosmos Episode 6 Viewing Worksheet - Teacher Resources

The most effective educators know they must vary their teaching style in order to accommodate all types of learners. One fun way to do this that students always seem to like is to show videos or have a movie day. A great science based Fox television series, Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, will keep the students not only entertained but also learning as they follow along on the adventures of affable host Neil deGrasse Tyson. He makes the complicated science topics accessible for all learners. Below are questions that can be copy and pasted into a worksheet for use during or after the showing  of episode 6 of Cosmos, entitled Deeper Deeper Deeper Still,  to assess students learning. It can also be used by the students as a sort of guided note taking worksheet during the video to jot down the main ideas. You are free to copy and use this worksheet as you feel necessary to best fit your class. Cosmos Episode 6 Worksheet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Name:___________________    Directions: Answer the questions as you watch episode 6 of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey    1.   About how many atoms does Neil deGrasse Tyson say that he’s made up of?    2. How many hydrogen and oxygen atoms are in one molecule of water?    3.   Why do the water molecules move faster when the sun hit them?    4.   What has to happen to the water molecules before they can evaporate?    5. How long have tardigrades been living on Earth?    6. What are the â€Å"holes† in the moss called that take in carbon dioxide and â€Å"exhale† oxygen?    7. What does a plant need in order to break water into hydrogen and oxygen?    8. Why is photosynthesis the â€Å"ultimate green energy†?    9. How long can a tardigrade go without water?    10. When did the first flowering plants evolve?    11. What did Charles Darwin conclude about the orchid based on his idea of Natural Selection?    12. How much of Madagascar’s rain forests have been destroyed?    13. What is the name of the nerve that is stimulated when we smell something?    14. Why do certain scents trigger memories?    15. How does the number of atoms in every breath we take compare to all the stars in all the known galaxies?    16. What idea about nature was first expressed by Thales?    17.   What was the name of the ancient Greek philosopher who came up with the idea of atoms?    18. What is the only element that is flexible enough to create different structures necessary to sustain life?    19. How did Neil deGrasse Tyson explain that the boy did not really touch the girl?    20. How many protons and electrons does an atom of gold have?    21.   Why is the Sun so hot?    22. What is the â€Å"ash† in the Sun’s nuclear furnace?    23. How are heavier elements, like iron, made?    24. How much distilled water is in the neutrino trap?    25. Why did neutrinos reach the Earth 3 hours before anyone knew of the Supernova 1987A?    26. What law of Physics made it possible for Neil deGrasse Tyson not to flinch when the red ball came swinging back at his face?    27. How did Wolfgang Pauli explain the â€Å"breaking† of the law of conservation of energy in radioactive isotopes?    28.   Why can we not go further back than 15 minutes into January 1 on the â€Å"cosmic calendar†?    29. About what size was the universe when it was a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second old?

Advertisers Targeting Children in Asia - 1291 Words

Several advertiser watercourse their work through the television with the intention of targeting certain commercials to children and youth. Those commercials, consisting of the Bodoni â€Å"junk solid food advertising,† have influenced the lives and wellness of children, according to studies. This kind of advertising poses a menace to children, and yet food companies continue to present these graphics extensively and purposely. Overweight and corpulency have reached epidemic proportions in many Asia n countries (Ramachandran, 2010). Because of these trouble these countries also cladding a grave burden of obesity-related upset such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, which will increase at a younger age of us than in Western populations. These kind of disorders are also manifested in childhood. The John R. Major causative divisor are related to the life style changes occurring due to rapid socioeconomic transition. Asiatic populations show several difference s in genetic element when compared with the white population, and they also have lower excision dot for environmental risk factors. National programmes targeting populace awareness, instruction and improved structural facilities to facilitate wellness y lifestyle are the keys to alleviate the economic and health care burden of the obesity-related disorders. In most of the Asia countries the prevalence of stoutness and obesity has increased many faithful in the past tense few decades and the magnitude variesShow MoreRelatedYouth Marketing1668 Words   |  7 PagesAfter a moving target by Jo Bowman  Ã‚  Ã‚   5-Nov-04, 08:49 Asia s youth may be a moving target but targeted traditional media, from print to radio, can still work Parents used to bemoan the fact that their kids were constantly glued to the set; now they despair that young people don t seem to focus on anything for more than a few minutes. Sure, they re still watching TV, but no longer are they couch potatoes, absorbing everything that flashes across the screen; they re flicking channels, flickingRead MoreApple : A Good Opportunity For Apple1291 Words   |  6 Pagesand the Personnel Computer’s (PC) are ordered on age, family measure, for instance they would have more recreations and excitement in the Pcs for the children and an expert with all the most recent software s. GEOGRAPHICAL By looking into the geographical Segment of have built their business everywhere throughout the world like America, Europe, Asia and Australia and South America. As of late Apple decided to execute a vertical development methodology and started extending their own particular retailRead MoreEffective Advertising Planning and Implementation Paper1432 Words   |  6 Pagescompetitive advantage and fast service. People often come to a fast food restaurant on a quick break knowing what to expect. McDonald’s offers quality, convenience, service and value. McDonalds created the Happy Meal that includes a toy and was marketed to children to add a differentiating advantage in their markets. But not only did they add a toy, they also added a specific toy for a girl or a boy to bring a more personal experience for family dining or carry out, whichever each family decides on their nightRead MoreAdvertising And The Fast Food Industry1776 Words   |  8 PagesAdvertising to children has ethical implications associated with the imprint that is Installed upon a child’s impressionable and still developing psychology. However, this Ethical consideration is often not present in many business standards or decisions. For example, within our society, the fast food industry has become synonymous with the high obesity rate of Americans and it can be argued that within this implication, the fast food industry had implored An unethical marketing strategyRead MoreCarvel Ice Cream4439 Words   |  18 PagesCarvel founded Carvel Corporation (Carvel) in Hartsdale, New York on 1934 which is a permanent roadside location. Before this he uses his mobile ice cream trunk. Carvel established Carvel Asia Limited on 1994, to act as holding company for the ice cream maker’s operational investments in Asia, starting in Beijing. Teamed up with China’s Minister of Agriculture to create Beijing Carvel Food Company Limited (Beijing Carvel), a joint venture equally owned by both parties. Beijing Carvel hasRead MoreHow Attitudes And Behavior Influence One Another1777 Words   |  8 Pagesbehavior is inconsistent with attitude it is normally because of peer pressure. Adult behaviors normally happen because of held attitudes while children attitudes are shaped from what they observe. We know the saying that a child’s mind is like a sponge, it soaks up everything. This plays true as children copies the actions of others from a very young age. As children grow up, the behavior of their peers can have a drastic impact on them. This is where peer pressure can play a great roll on a child or teenagerRead MoreSoybean Milk Enter the Uk Market4 289 Words   |  18 PagesBritish people are like to drink juice, coffee and hot chocolate. Fifth, the package has to change and provide more size for them to choose. Because British people like to do family shopping and they have big family, most of them with two or three children for a couple. So the size will have 500ML, 1L and 2L with plastic bottle. Every new product entry the new market is not well known immediately, so the company has to do the efficient communication with consumers and set up the good brand image. ThusRead MoreRecent Trends in Advertising11843 Words   |  48 Pagesbillions of dollars in revenues which constantly feed their tummies with money coming from the advertisers. Across time, we have been witness to big changes in advertising, from merely communicating a product or service, to highly sophisticated multidimensional and multi-channel strategies, and always with the same goal: to induce someone to buy or use that product or service. To achieve their g oal, advertisers use different types of weapons with very different characteristics, ranging from pure carpet-bombingRead MoreMtv Marketing Strategy Analysis Essay examples4836 Words   |  20 Pagestwenty advertisers and 30% of available commercial time. At this time, the company was owned and operated by the Warner Amex Satellite Entertainment Company.[1] â€Å"Youth will be served,† this statement illustrates the foundations on which MTV was established. The company had already been serving the youths of the nation with â€Å"Nickelodeon,† hence MTV was created to target the â€Å"bigger kids,† the ones with enough discretionary income representing an attractive segment to marketers and advertisers.[2] Read MoreOffensive Advertising : Advertising, Muslims, And Consumer Behaviour9514 Words   |  39 Pagesadvertising campaigns in Egypt as an illustration of controversial advertising in an Arabian Muslim majority country. These examples demonstrate that offe nsive advertising is consistently used in different countries and is being more frequently used as advertisers attempt to find ways to attract attention in an increasingly competitive advertisement environment (Pope et al., 2004; Prendergast et al., 2002; Vezina and Paul, 1997; Waller, 2005; Dahl at el., 2003). This spells out the need to gain a deeper understanding

Social Determinants of Health WHO

Question: Write about theSocial Determinants of Healthfor WHO. Answer: Obesity is the public health issue as per World Health Organisation or WHO. It is one of the leading causes of death in both developing and developed countries (World Health Organization, 2014). Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity has increased two fold over the past two decades among children, teenagers, and adults. Therefore, the rising burden of obesity has created a moral panic. Obesity is a multifactorial disease. It is known to be caused by genetics, over-eating and inappropriate diet, over-weight, hormones, environmental factors and lack of physical activity (Mitchell et al., 2014). The health impact of obesity includes diabetes, eating disorder, cancer, comorbidities such as renal failure, heart failure and death (Buchmueller Johar, 2015). Consequently, the disease has increased the health care cost. The exact cause of obesity must be known to prevent the global pandemic of obesity. The essay aims to identify if obesity is caused by broader social determinants of health or individual lifestyle choices. The essay highlights the determinants of obesity and discuss its relationship with individual lifestyle choices. The risk factors of obesity and its implications are also explored in essay. Obesity is characterised by excess fat accumulation in body which is found to reduce life expectancy. It is also measured in terms of body mass index or BMI. A BMI over 30kg/m2 represents obesity and is calculated as a ratio of individuals weight in Kg and square of height. It an important tool to asses obesity in all age groups at population level (Tanamas et al., 2014). Different BMI scores can determine the health risks due to obesity. For instance, if an individuals BMI is between 25-29 the condition can be referred as overweight. There are three classes of obesity and the first class is identified by BMI range of 30 and 34.9. Obesity of class 2 is recognised by BMI between 35 and 39. If the BMI is 40 or more then it is an alarm for high risk obesity and adverse consequences (Swinburn Wood, 2013). Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity has increased two fold over the past two decades among children, teenagers, and adults. According to WHO, in 2014, there were 1.9 billion obese adults and of these more than 600 million adults were marked obese. As per these reports 13% of the worlds adult population in 2014 were obese. It includes 15% of women and 11% of men. These reports highlighted that 39% of the population (18 years and above) were overweight in 2014 (World Health Organization, 2014). The rate of obesity is climbing faster in Australia than any other place in world. Australia is considered as one of the fattest developed nation due to rising trend of obesity (Kendall et al., 2015). According to the reports of Swinburn Wood, (2013) the obesity is estimated to rise to 38% by 2025 from current per cent of 28. In Australia, higher numbers of young adults are representive of obesity than the adults, which indicates individual lifestyle factors as underlying cause of the disease. The cause of obesity is debateable as there are multiple factors responsible for rising trend of obesity in children, adolescents, and adults. Diet is primary factor responsible for obesity. The weight of an individual is determined by the energy expenditure and the intake of calorie. The imbalance between the two parameters leads to overweight or underweight. Obesity is identified to be primarily associated with intake of high calories food and lack of physical activity (Teixeira et al., 2015). Overweight can result from genetic predisposition, defect in metabolism, individual behaviour, environmental and cultural factors. For instance, fat regulation is impaired by leptin deficiency and this problem is hereditary in nature. Similarly, intake of diet rich in carbohydrates, and saturated fatty acids leads to overweight individuals. Weight gain results from spike in insulin level which occurs due to consumption of large meals. The insulin level remains stable when small meals are take n frequently. Sedentary life style, results in weight gain due to low amount of calories burnt and is one of the major contributing factor of obesity. Hypothyroidism is the endocrine disorder which also contributes to obesity (Suglia et al., 2013). According to WHO, the risk factors of obesity are unhealthy lifestyle choices such as having fat and calorie rich diet, lack of physical activity, stress, and lack of sleep. Socioeconomic factors are also a risk for obesity development. Low social connectedness or unhealthy social environment, low socioeconomic statuses are found to be factors contributing to obesity (Roberto et al., 2015). Social determinants of health on a broad aspect are recognised to cause obesity. In order to develop effective interventions, it is necessary to know the relationship between social determinants and obesity. Educational status, Gender, age, employment status ethnicity, behavioural factors like smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of exercises and socioeconomic factors are the determinants of obesity. Among all the determinants, the socioeconomic factor is highest concern for obesity (Flores et al., 2015). People belonging to low socioeconomic class are prone to eating unhealthy diet and malnutrition due to low cost of living. They depend on fast foods and other food that do not met the bodys requirements of fats, protein and carbohydrates. Thus, people with obesity are highly represented from low socioeconomic status (Bhurosy Jeewon, 2014). On the other hand, people belonging to upper class society or having high socioeconomic status adopt healthy lifestyle. They have good housing facilitie s, healthy diet, and people participate in health promoting activities (Kennedy, 2015). However, it was also found that people with high socioeconomic status highly engage in sedentary lifestyle. The working population of high socioeconomic group due to busy schedule depend on ready to eat food of fast food centres, do not participate in physical activities, and are vulnerable to obesity. Children of working parents engage in watching television, eating junk food at schools and other sedentary behaviours that are not monitored on time and contribute to high BMI and obesity (Popkin Slining, 2013). The high socioeconomic group of people have been found to regularly visit fast food chain restaurants such as McDonalds. These groups of people mostly purchase large sizes of burger and consume beverages that increase calorie and fat level in body. However, due to lack of physical activities these fats and calories are accumulated leading to weight gain and obesity. Residents in close proximity of fast food centres are highest consumers of fat and calories then residents staying far apart. This behaviour indicates influence of individual lifestyle choices on obesity. Obesity is reco gnised to be an extension of advancing economy and technology (Bhurosy Jeewon, 2014). With the availability of smart phones and increasing popularity and use of e-commerce, accessing fast food has become easy for people living in distant part of cities or remote areas. These labour saving devices have increased consumption of fast food due to home delivery of food in maximum 30 minutes of time. It saves cooking time and people are more attracted to fast food. In addition, smoking and alcohol consumption add to the sedentary choices. Consequently, this group of people are found with low energy expenditure (Witten, 2016). Another most important factor determining obesity is gender. For instance, in America, more women than men are obese as women have higher body fat percentage. However, the scenario is not same in different countries (Flores et al., 2015). Cultural factors also play great role in obesity. In some countries, cultural factors favour larger body size (fat acceptance). It is regarded as sign of healthfulness, fertility, and prosperity (Robinson Christiansen, 2014). Age is another risk factor of obesity. In Australia, the number of overweight and obese males over 18 years was more than females. Obesity has been identified to increase with age. In Australia, rate of obesity is found to increase between 45 and 74 years for males and between 55 and 74 years of age for females. After 75 years of age the rate of obesity declines by 69% in males (Rahman Harding, 2013). Environmental factors influence eating behaviour. For instance, remote regions and rural areas lack accessibility to variety of food items therefore, people choose from limited options that may not meet adequate nutritional requirements of body (Flores et al., 2015). Psychological factors such as depression and anxiety also determine eating behaviours. Problematic eating such as snacking high calorie food items mindlessly or night eating leads to binge eating disorder in adolescents and children (Suglia et al., 2013). Education and health literacy is related to rising trend of obesity. People with high educational attainment tend to easily understand health and illness. The awareness of healthy and unhealthy lifestyle activities assist in making effective health decisions. People with poor educational attainment lack awareness about consequences of overeating and obesity. Health literacy help people participate actively in health promoting activities such as exercises, maintaing norm al vital signs, making lifestyle modifications and seeking counselling services for psychological issues. On the people with low health literacy, remain unaware of risk factors of chronic illnesses and initiatives that can prevent the adverse consequences (Witten, 2016). The cumulative effect of cultural, social, environmental and individual lifestyle factors causing obesity has several implications (Flores et al., 2015). The health implications of obesity include insulin resistance diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular diseases. More men that are obese are dying due to colorectal cancer and women that are obese are dying due to endometrial cancer. Severe obesity leads to sleep apnoea, hypercapnia,and degenerative joint disease. These health risks are due to distribution of body fat. Obesity has significant impact on economy due to rising health care costs related to mortality and morbidity (Specchia et al., 2015). Since, it is evident that obesity is a complex mesh of multifactorial interactions, there is a need to address the dominant determinants of obesity such as individual choices and social factors causing obesogenic behaviour (Buchmueller Johar, 2015). Understanding the risk factors and raising awareness may d ecrease the vulnerability to the illness. More interventions are needed at societal and individual level then at medical level. Healthy lifestyle modification is vital which may be possible through stringent government policies on fast food restaurants, and initiate compulsory health education in every country (through campaigns and mass awareness) (Malik et al., 2013). More interventions are needed at psychological level to change compulsive eating behaviour, promote uptake of physical activities, and omit fat acceptance. In conclusion, obesity is the outcome of complex interactions of individual lifestyle choices and social determinants of health. Social factors and individual lifestyle choices are primary contributing factors of obesity out of various cultural, psychological and environmental factors. It implies the need of health education to address obesity and its adverse health activities. People need to be educated about healthy lifestyle choices. There is a need of more research in the area of gender disparities in overweight and obesity and cultural influences to understand the pandemic and develop preventive strategies. References Bhurosy, T., Jeewon, R. (2014). Overweight and obesity epidemic in developing countries: a problem with diet, physical activity, or socioeconomic status?.The Scientific World Journal,2014. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/964236/abs/ Buchmueller, T. C., Johar, M. (2015). Obesity and health expenditures: evidence from Australia.Economics Human Biology,17, 42-58. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X1500012X Flores, M. R., Velazquez, V. V., Mejia, G. T., Fuentes, V. S., Peniche, L. P., Maciel, R., ... Garcia, E. G. (2015). Association of Socioeconomic Factors with Success in the Treatment of Obesity.Canadian Journal of Diabetes,39, S72. https://www.canadianjournalofdiabetes.com/article/S1499-2671(15)00303-2/abstract Kendall, B. J., Wilson, L. F., Olsen, C. M., Webb, P. M., Neale, R. E., Bain, C. J., Whiteman, D. C. (2015). Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to overweight and obesity.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,39(5), 452-457. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1753-6405.12458/full Kennedy, K. (2015). Increased Patient Health Literacy and Healthcare Provider Structural Competence: Public and Private Strategies for Improving Patient Health Outcomes. https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/tactalks/2015/spring/6/ Malik, V. S., Willett, W. C., Hu, F. B. (2013). Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,9(1), 13-27. https://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v9/n1/abs/nrendo.2012.199.html Mitchell, R. J., Lord, S. R., Harvey, L. A., Close, J. C. (2014). Associations between obesity and overweight and fall risk, health status and quality of life in older people.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(1), 13-18. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1753-6405.12152/full Popkin, B. M., Slining, M. M. (2013). New dynamics in global obesity facing low?and middle?income countries.Obesity Reviews,14(S2), 11-20. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.12102/full Rahman, A., Harding, A. (2013). Prevalence of overweight and obesity epidemic in Australia: some causes and consequences.JP Journal of Biostatistics,10(1), 31. https://search.proquest.com/openview/83c4e06e520973d6bd8ac2a3fff46085/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=1816344 Roberto, C. A., Swinburn, B., Hawkes, C., Huang, T. T., Costa, S. A., Ashe, M., ... Brownell, K. D. (2015). Patchy progress on obesity prevention: emerging examples, entrenched barriers, and new thinking.The Lancet,385(9985), 2400-2409. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067361461744X Robinson, E., Christiansen, P. (2014). The changing face of obesity: exposure to and acceptance of obesity.Obesity,22(5), 1380-1386. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.20699/full Specchia, M. L., Veneziano, M. A., Cadeddu, C., Ferriero, A. M., Mancuso, A., Ianuale, C., ... Ricciardi, W. (2015). Economic impact of adult obesity on health systems: a systematic review.The European Journal of Public Health,25(2), 255-262. https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/25/2/255/2837324/Economic-impact-of-adult-obesity-on-health-systems Suglia, S. F., Duarte, C. S., Chambers, E. C., Boynton-Jarrett, R. (2013). Social and behavioral risk factors for obesity in early childhood.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics: JDBP,34(8), 549. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3960979/ Swinburn, B., Wood, A. (2013). Progress on obesity prevention over 20 years in Australia and New Zealand.Obesity Reviews,14(S2), 60-68 . https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.12103/full Tanamas, S. K., Shaw, J. E., Backholer, K., Magliano, D. J., Peeters, A. (2014). Twelve?year weight change, waist circumference change and incident obesity: The Australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study.Obesity,22(6), 1538-1545. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.20704/full Teixeira, P. J., Carraa, E. V., Marques, M. M., Rutter, H., Oppert, J. M., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., ... Brug, J. (2015). Successful behavior change in obesity interventions in adults: a systematic review of self-regulation mediators.BMC medicine,13(1), 84. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-015-0323-6 Witten, K. (2016).Geographies of obesity: environmental understandings of the obesity epidemic. Routledge. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=0O4GDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Geographies+of+obesity:+environmental+understandings+of+the+obesity+epidemicots=D74S9aG_Onsig=ZKaQyxj2799KcvqRR5KmfAc5ut8#v=onepageq=Geographies%20of%20obesity%3A%20environmental%20understandings%20of%20the%20obesity%20epidemicf=false World Health Organization. (2014).Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. World Health Organization. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20153093363

The Crucible The Lady Of Shalott Essay Example For Students

The Crucible: The Lady Of Shalott Essay Two girls lye sleeping, one with her eyes open, the other with her eyes closed. Not such an unusual picture except for the fact that the two sleeping girls cannot awake. A mysterious servant from a faraway place, a group of young ladies seeking magic to joins their hearts with the men that haunt their dreams. A man of the cloth who stumbles onto a secret dance in the middle of the forest who will spend the next year of his life harboring secrets and trying desperately not to be exposed. The town of Salem sucked into the vacuum of conspiracy, accusations, innuendo and the horrifying fact that maybe Lucifer has come to make a house call. They say that truth is stranger than fiction and if this story wasnt a dark shadow on our nations history it would make for a great novel. But if it was the truth and for those who where there, a horrible reality. This community so caught up in the possibility that witchcraft existed, they completely lost their senses. The following is a breakdown of a ll the legal issues that by todays standards where not followed. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible: The Lady Of Shalott specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Church and StateOut of all the issues that will be addressed, this one is the most difficult. In the 1600s, the church was interwoven with the state and the operation of government. Enter Reverend Hale a scholar of witchcraft. Unbeknownst to everyone, a novice at his trade; a person trying to gain status in the new country. The power of life and death lay in his hands, by his words a person could be deemed a witch and suffer the consequences. It was Rev. Hale who was the fuel that lit the fire. The first amendment clause of the United States Constitution states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Although this country was founded in a belief of god and morality, the intent was never to have the church involved with the judiciary. The justices would not assemble in Salem, Massachusetts until Reverend Hale found proof of witchery. And by the words of a child, and with a desire he found find what he sought, witch craft was found in Salaam and the justices where assemble. With a hidden agenda and his life and position at stake, Reverend Parris joins to support the movement this helps fire the furnace and gain support for the movement. Freedom of Speech, Expression ReligionAlthough not of majority, Abigail and her group of Satin worshipers where denied by her uncle and the community their right to free speech. The very essence of being an American, the right of free speech and worship as granted by the first amendment of the Constitution. Amendment I Section 12 protected the girls right to practice the satanic ritual. The country as whole was not allowed to practice whatever religion they choose. Forced or Co worst ConfessionIt started with the whipping of Tituba the servant and ended with the offering of anvisty to Proctor or any other citizen who admitted to the practicing of witchcraft. False witness statements, Hearsay and forced confession all took place. Reverend Parris beat his servant until she admitted guilt and participation in the practice of witchcraft she was anvisty when she then pointed the finger at Abigail. This was the mayhem that started to grow. As others where accused, the accused pointed to another. Statement of falsity became statement of fact. It became a case of freedom exchanged for defendants. Due ProcessAs stated in the Due Process clause of the Constitution, all people are entitled to Due Process. This includes, a right to an attorney, the right to have the attorney present during questioning, a right to remain silent, a right to have an attorney appointed if you can not afford one. This whole concept completely thrown out the window during the witchcraft trials. The complete process went a rye from the beginning. With a grand jury never seated to hear evidence and testimony to find basis for a case, the case went forward. Three justices where empanel to hear the case, but most importantly there was no jury of the defendants piers. This right is granted in the United States Constitution in Article III sect 3. And defined in Amendment V, No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury. There was no evidence presented except for heresy and theatrics presented by Abigails little faction, the justices believed that ?the Devil was in Salem?, and they were going to find him. Although in the most part the defendants were able to face their accusers, there where many instances were the defendants did not. Ever present was the courts acceptance of the theatrics of the young ladies when the case would turn in favor of the defendant. The court allowed un-substantiated evidence, and completely overlooking the best evidence rule. With no interrogation process, and with no right to council, the defendants most of whom where uneducated farmers where placed in the position of having to handle their own cases pro-say. Out numbered, and out brained the result was the capital punishment of hanging. Ironically, if this trial would of taken place after the original Constitution was ratified, Reverend Parris would have a property tort against the government when his servant Tituba was convicted and hanged. More importantly the accused where denied their rights under Amendment IV of the C onstitution which states: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. As the defendants where convicted, they where stripped of there property. Property searched and seized all without probable cause. .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .postImageUrl , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:hover , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:visited , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:active { border:0!important; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:active , .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3 .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u78ba834ad9a4b5cde0b1db0808bc88f3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nuclear Fusion EssayDefamation ; SlanderAs the trial got underway, another factor emerged. The accused where publicly humiliated both by their fellow citizens and in the press. The names of the accused where posted in the Salaam and in the salaam press and throughout New England. They were cursed and ridiculed and even after the trials where suspended. Those who where not hanged where looked down upon for the rest of their lives. Their name was far more important to them then any wealth that was accumulated. This point was strongly pointed out by Proctor who as a final stand for his dignity refused to sign the confession that would set his wife and himself free. How may I live without my name? I have given you my sole; leave me my name! So valuable ones name that Proctor would rather die then be defamed. Beyond a Reasonable Doubt the Right of AppealThe nineteen victims of the Salaam witch hunt where never given true Due Process as allowed by the constitution. The evidence against them did not come anywhere near Reasonable Doubt, they where convicted by allegations, rumor and non-truths. Part of this Due Process is the right to appeal. These folks where imprisoned for quite a period of time loosing their right to speedy trial. Maybe more importantly, upon conviction they were not allowed to appeal the verdict. Within a short period of time following the convictions, the convicted where hanged. Sovereignty ConspiracyAs the play climaxes, we are faced with one of the hidden truths, the justices so committed to the right outcome will do anything to maintain their judgment. In Act three, the chief justice is handed a petition from Proctor. The form contains a list of over 70 people begging for the end to the trials. Instead of looking at the document and supporting the sovereign of the people, he chooses to use it as a list of future indictments. Knowing that the community is in favor of ending the insanity, the justices choose to use it as a weapon. Further, after Protor presented one of the young ladies involved to testify to the truth of the matter, the justice choose to view her testimony of that of a liar or a person of unstable mind. The three justices commit conspiracy by knowing the truth but choosing ego and vanity over the truth and doing the right thing. ConclusionIt is almost understandable that a community at the point in our history that they where, could get caught up in such an ordeal. Religion stood much higher in loyalty then even the government. Like many other similar events that have taken place in history, people are prone to being caught in a frenzy. The devil was as real to these people as anything in the natural world. Fear of dam nation or eternal hell filled there minds and carried them away. This was not the only witch trial that made the history books; two hundred years later a man by the name of senator McCarthy had one of his own. Like Salaam, lifes, marriages and livelihoods were lost. Bibliographylegal aspects of the CrucibalPoetry Essays

From Russia With Lov Essays

From Russia With Lov Essays From Russia With Lov Essay From Russia With Lov Essay From Russia With Love, is a James Bond film created in 1963. It pits James Bond, the British secret agent at his best against the Russian organization SPECTRE.From Russia With Love is the second film in the long running Bond series of films. This film is the successor to Dr No, and many critics argue that these two are among the best of the Bond films, with memorable scenes, solid storyline, memorable villains and acting (Sean Connery as James Bond especially).James Bond was the creation of Ian Fleming, who began writing his first story Casino Royale while on his Jamaican hideaway. After almost a decade, his stories were turned into a movie, Dr. No in 1962 which was directed by Albert Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, although Ian Fleming still had an influence on the movies.Ian Fleming described Bond as an interesting man to whom extraordinary things happen. This is why he chose the name James Bond, as it seems anonymous, even though James Bond is far from anonymous symbolizing a very up per class person with a good taste in cars, cigarettes and wines.The movie, From Russia with Love, was created in 1963, in the middle of the car war. Thus, it was very much influenced by the historical happenings at the time.At the time, tensions were quite high with the allies and the communists, particularly between the USA and the USSR.At the time, the USSR was viewed on by the western world as communist, and communist was seen as evil. Therefore the USSR was seen as evil by most of the western world. This is shown in the movie quite deliberately, as the Russians are depicted as the bad guys, while the British are shown as the heroes and the good guys.The movie is a typical good against bad scenario. However, unlike megalomaniacs seen in other Bond films, the villains, the Russians, arent after world domination, but something significantly less a decoding device.The plot is fairly complicated, but basically involved the SPECTRE organization, which is after the decoding device, u se Bond and cipher clerk Tatiana Romanova as pawns. Once Bond has obtained the decoding device from Tatiana, SPECTRE thug Red Grant is to take it from him, leaving behind him a corpse.This shows that the Russians will go to any lengths, even using their own people to achieve the end result even when its just to get a decoder. This again makes them look evil and ruthless.The movie begins with a chess tournament, between one of SPECTREs operatives Kronsteen, a chess master who has meticulously plotted every move and weighed all alternatives. He plays a British opponenet, which shows that during the Cold War competition took many different forms, and that conflict wasnt through battles but rather each country proving themselves, as the Russians try to prove themselves superior in chess to establish credibility. So competition took the form of many things such as sports, however it also took the form of the technology or arms race.Both Russia and the allies wanted to prove that their technology was more advanced and were all trying to get ahead.This can be seen in Qs technology, as the British are shown as far more advanced with all the spy technology being used. This is being used as propaganda, to show the Russians as inferior.The film as a whole can be seen as propaganda in many ways. The British are continually shown as superior to the inferior Russians, through technology and tactics. The Russians plans are quickly foiled by Bond, while the Russians are made to look thick at times, for example not noticing the periscope in the office. Or they look inferior in any fight scene, with James Bond easily dispatching on any assailants.Apart from looking inferior the Russians also look evil, as they are bad guys as mentioned before. However, all the Russians are dressed in black or dark clothes when compared to the light clothes the British wear. The west, in the form of Bond is made to look suave while the Russians are incompetent and thick at times.Further more t he Russians are shown to be without morals. They use their own people to gain an advantage, as seen is using Tatiana. However, they also use the Bulgarians.The Bulgars are their allies, however the Russians use them to attack the British allies, the Turks. When in the gypsy town, the Bulgars launch an attack simply to kill one man. This shows that the Russians dont care about them, as they simply use them to achieve one goal showing no morals.The Turks, and the gypsies are also a representation of satellite states.Although the movie seems to be full of propaganda, the movie was also made for the purpose of entertainment which can be seen from the eccentric villains and the exaggerated fight scenes, as well as the spy theme and all the gadgets on offer such as the suitcase. The movie is a classic Bond movie, with all the gadgets, the somewhat complex plot and of course the Bond girl Tatiana, something no Bond movie would be without.Overall, the movie is a blend of entertainment and propaganda. From exaggerated fight scenes, to the British constantly foiling every Russian move. There is no doubt that the cold war had significance on this movie, as it is reflected throughout it in many ways.The film tries to legitimise the ideology of capitalism and democracy, trying to show communism as being bad or evil. Although the film is fantasy, fantasy can very easily be interpreted as reality.

Applying Critical Discourse Analysis on a news report Essay

Applying Critical Discourse Analysis on a news report - Essay Example Quoting Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaeologus, and referring to the concept of jihad or holy war, the Pontiff challenged, â€Å"Show me just what Mohammed brought that was new and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached† (Pope Benedict XVI, â€Å"Pope’s Speech at University of Regensburg,† para. 8). The Pope later indicated the remarks were taken out of context and that he was merely quoting statements made by the medieval emperor, for which he later apologized. The textual excerpts below gleaned from Reuters news reports are particularly interesting in terms of discourse analysis. The first section of the paper analyses both texts using methods of analysis including Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) methodology of Norman Fairclough and those suggested by Jan Blommaert. A second section applies other approaches that are useful and relevant, such as member categorization analysis (MCA). Indians set fire to an effigy of the Pope as a wave of protests ripples through the Muslim world. Words written more than 600 years ago still cause offence when taken out of context. The Pontiff’s care to point out that he was quoting someone else doesn’t seem to have prevented an angry reaction in some quarters. The statements are ugly and unfortunate. The Pope needs to take a step back, and should apologize to the Islamic world. Further north police had to restrain protestors in Jammu and Kashmir. Churches in the West Bank and in the Iraqi city of Basra were attacked, although the damage was minor. The church in Basra is Christian Orthodox and not aligned with the views of the Pope. Extra security outside the Pope’s summer residence on a very unsummery day. The Pontiff made a further apology, this time in person, to try to quell the anger in the Muslim world over his quote of a medieval philosopher. Pilgrims outside the Castel Gandolfo residence

Influences of Tradition in Field of Counseling Essay

Influences of Tradition in Field of Counseling - Essay Example In both cases, dreams were a factor in the analysis (Neuman, 1954). A method pioneered by psychologist Carl Rogers was a person-centered approach known as humanistic counseling, and B.F. Skinner was interested in what could actually be observed in the outside world, leading at first to therapy as a separate strand from counseling (History: Freud, 2007). Freud believed in psychoanalysis as a field for laypersons, but in the United States lay analysis was not considered legitimate, and is in fact illegal at present. U.S. psychoanalysts are required to be medically qualified. This prejudice against lay therapists led to Roger's adoption of the word "counseling" instead of therapist to describe his method since he was medically trained (Rohan, 2001). The terms "psychotherapy" and "counseling" have now become interchangeable in psychiatry, but Roger's holistic approach to the human side of counseling is unique in the field and has led to hundreds of research agendas. He brought many new ideas into therapy that were resisted at the time they were introduced and continue to be resisted even now (History: Counseling vs. Psychotherapy Divide, 2007). It is the approach to the whole person rather than just analysis of conscious and unconscious thought that makes humanistic counseling a produc... We live in a global community with a mix of cultures and social norms throughout the world. If we look at ourselves as individuals interacting with others and making an effort to determine what factors give us the most satisfaction, we become our own therapists. Humanistic counseling is comprised of self-actualization, creativity, and free choice. John Rowan (2001) describes Rogers' person-centered approach to psychiatric analysis as empathetic, genuine, and non-possessive warmth on the part of the counselor and goes on to discuss the various factors that make this a working form of counseling and analysis. Influences Shaping My Understanding of Counseling Humanistic counseling is somewhere in the middle of the therapeutic system, with Freud and Jung still a major force in the field and family therapy a derivative of humanistic counseling. With the advent of child guidance clinics, family therapy became the recommended treatment in the belief that "a child's symptoms were usually a function of emotional distress in the family" (Family Therapy. par. 8). However, the bottom line is the ability of the individual to understand and accept self, and in that respect humanistic counseling would be the preferred method. The following shows the stages of individual development from the inside out (Rowan, 2001): The first is the importance of self-esteem, trust, and acceptance between client and counselor. Next, it is necessary for the client to gain personal control by being honest with self. The second aspect of humanistic psychology is what is called "self actualization," the whole person: body, feelings, intellect, transpersonal self, and spirit. Neglecting any one of these areas defeats the effort. With so much attention now on the body-diet